Substrate-Independent Superhydrophobic Coating Capable of Photothermal-Induced Repairability for Multiple Damages Fabricated via Simple Blade Coating.

Repairable superhydrophobic surfaces have promising application potential in many fields. However, so far, it is still a challenge to develop a superhydrophobic surface with repairability for multiple types of damage through a simple method. In this paper, a repairable superhydrophobic coating was obtained on various substrates by blade-coating mixtures of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified with dopamine (PDA) and octadecylamine (ODA). The obtained coating has a good liquid-repellent property with a water contact angle above 150° and a water sliding angle of ∼6° and possesses an excellent absorbance (∼97%) in the wavelength range of 250-2500 nm. Due to its high absorbance, the coating displays an outstanding photothermal effect with a temperature rise of ∼65 °C under irradiation by 1.0 kW/m2 of simulated sunlight. Furthermore, after being degraded by multiple stimuli, including plasma treatment, acid/alkali/oil immersion, sand impact, and the icing-thawing cycle, the coating can recover superhydrophobicity via sunlight irradiation, demonstrating the good photothermal-induced repairability of the coating. It can be expected that the good water-repellent property, photothermal effect, and repairability give this coating a promising prospect in practical applications.

Longitudinal profiling of the microbiome at four body sites reveals core stability and individualized dynamics during health and disease.

To understand the dynamic interplay between the human microbiome and host during health and disease, we analyzed the microbial composition, temporal dynamics, and associations with host multi-omics, immune, and clinical markers of microbiomes from four body sites in 86 participants over 6 years. We found that microbiome stability and individuality are body-site specific and heavily influenced by the host. The stool and oral microbiome are more stable than the skin and nasal microbiomes, possibly due to their interaction with the host and environment. We identify individual-specific and commonly shared bacterial taxa, with individualized taxa showing greater stability. Interestingly, microbiome dynamics correlate across body sites, suggesting systemic dynamics influenced by host-microbial-environment interactions. Notably, insulin-resistant individuals show altered microbial stability and associations among microbiome, molecular markers, and clinical features, suggesting their disrupted interaction in metabolic disease. Our study offers comprehensive views of multi-site microbial dynamics and their relationship with host health and disease.

Case report: A case of novel homozygous LRBA variant induced by chromosomal segmental uniparental disomy - genetic and clinical insights.

Objective: The study aims to report a rare case of a novel homozygous variant in the LRBA gene, originating from uniparental disomy of paternal origin. This case contributes new clinical data to the LRBA gene variant database. Methods: The study details the case of a 2-year-old child diagnosed in May 2023 at our center with a homozygous LRBA gene variant. Detailed clinical data of the patient were collected, including whole-exome sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with parental genetic verification. Results: The child presented with recurrent respiratory infections and chronic neutropenia, progressing to pancytopenia. Imaging showed splenomegaly and enlarged lymph nodes in the axillary and abdominal regions. Peripheral blood lymphocyte count revealed reduced B cells and NK cells. Elevated cytokine levels of IFN-α and IFN-r were observed. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a nonsense homozygous variant in the LRBA gene, specifically c.2584C>T (p.Gln862Ter). The father exhibited a heterozygous variant at this locus, while no variant was found in the mother. Sample analysis indicated characteristics of uniparental disomy. According to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), this variant is preliminarily classified as "Likely pathogenic". Currently, there are no reports in academic literature regarding this specific variant site. Conclusion: LRBA gene variants can lead to a rare inborn error of immunity disease. The c.2584C>T (p.Gln862Ter) variant in exon 22 of the LRBA gene is a newly identified pathogenic variant, and the homozygous variant caused by uniparental disomy is exceedingly rare. This case represents the second global report of an LRBA gene function loss due to uniparental disomy abnormalities.

Factors and pathways of non-suicidal self-injury in children: insights from computational causal analysis.

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become a significant public health issue, especially prevalent among adolescents. The complexity and multifactorial nature of NSSI necessitate a comprehensive understanding of its underlying causal factors. This research leverages the causal discovery methodology to explore these causal associations in children. Methods: An observational dataset was scrutinized using the causal discovery method, particularly employing the constraint-based approach. By integrating machine learning and causal inference techniques, the study aimed to determine direct causal relationships associated with NSSI. The robustness of the causal relationships was evaluated using three methods to construct and validate it: the PC (Peter and Clark) method, Fast Causal Inference (FCI) method, and the GAE (Graphical Autoencoder) method. Results: Analysis identified nine nodes with direct causal relationships to NSSI, including life satisfaction, depression, family dysfunction, sugary beverage consumption, PYD (positive youth development), internet addiction, COVID-19 related PTSD, academic anxiety, and sleep duration. Four principal causal pathways were identified, highlighting the roles of lockdown-induced lifestyle changes, screen time, positive adolescent development, and family dynamics in influencing NSSI risk. Conclusions: An in-depth analysis of the factors leading to Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI), highlighting the intricate connections among individual, family, and pandemic-related influences. The results, derived from computational causal analysis, underscore the critical need for targeted interventions that tackle these diverse causative factors.

Gene Rearrangements in the Mitochondrial Genome of Gonatopsis borealis and Onychoteuthis compacta Reveal Their Phylogenetic Implications for Oegopsida.

The complete mitochondrial genome provides crucial information for comprehending gene rearrangement, molecular evolution, and phylogenetic analysis. Here, we have determined the complete mitogenome sequence of Gonatopsis borealis and Onychoteuthis compacta for the first time. Their genome sizes were 20,148 bp and 20,491 bp, respectively, including 18 protein-coding genes, COI-COIII, ATP6, and ATP8 are duplicated, 23 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes (12S and 16S rRNA). Specifically, the overall A+T content is 70.69% and 72.67%. It shows a significant AT bias. The whole mitogenomes indicate positive AT skew (0.070 and 0.062). Furthermore, the gene order has been rearranged within Oegopsida. The tandem duplication random loss model was determined as most likely to explain the observed gene rearrangements. Phylogenetic analysis was performed, and the result tree was found to be consistent with the morphological identification classification. Estimation of divergence time for 35 species showed that the main differentiation of Oegopsida occurred in 140.70 Mya. These results will help to better understand the gene rearrangements and evolution of G. borealis and O. compacta and lay a foundation for further phylogeny genetic studies of Oegopsida.

Robust and Durable Superhydrophobic Coatings with Antipollution Flashover Performance via Silane-Modified Polyurea.

The inadequate hydrophobicity and the degradation in usage seriously hampered the applications of the existing antipollution flashover coatings. In this paper, a superhydrophobic polyurea coating with antipollution flashover ability was fabricated through chemically grafting the silica onto the chains of polyurea by utilizing silane coupling agent and hydrophobic modification. It is demonstrated that the coating exhibits outstanding antipollution flashover performances. Noteworthy, the surface pollution flashover voltage has been increased by 33.8% compared with the room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber (RTV silicone rubber). In addition, the volume resistivity is above 1.0 × 1012 Ω·m, and the dielectric strength achieves to 28.85 kV/mm, which represents excellent insulating property. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic polyurea coating exhibits outstanding abrasion resistance, adhesion, acid-base resistance, and durability. As a result, it holds great promise for use in preventing pollution flashover in electrical insulators.

Longitudinal profiling of the microbiome at four body sites reveals core stability and individualized dynamics during health and disease.

To understand dynamic interplay between the human microbiome and host during health and disease, we analyzed the microbial composition, temporal dynamics, and associations with host multi-omics, immune and clinical markers of microbiomes from four body sites in 86 participants over six years. We found that microbiome stability and individuality are body-site-specific and heavily influenced by the host. The stool and oral microbiome were more stable than the skin and nasal microbiomes, possibly due to their interaction with the host and environment. Also, we identified individual-specific and commonly shared bacterial taxa, with individualized taxa showing greater stability. Interestingly, microbiome dynamics correlated across body sites, suggesting systemic coordination influenced by host-microbial-environment interactions. Notably, insulin-resistant individuals showed altered microbial stability and associations between microbiome, molecular markers, and clinical features, suggesting their disrupted interaction in metabolic disease. Our study offers comprehensive views of multi-site microbial dynamics and their relationship with host health and disease. Study Highlights: The stability of the human microbiome varies among individuals and body sites.Highly individualized microbial genera are more stable over time.At each of the four body sites, systematic interactions between the environment, the host and bacteria can be detected.Individuals with insulin resistance have lower microbiome stability, a more diversified skin microbiome, and significantly altered host-microbiome interactions.

[Effect of Family Functioning on Adolescents' Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behaviors: The Multiple Mediating Roles of Empathy and Emotional Competence]. / å®¶åº­åŠŸèƒ½å¯¹é’å°‘å¹´å† å¤–åŒ–é—®é¢˜è¡Œä¸ºçš„å½±å“ï¼šå ±æƒ å’Œæƒ ç»ªèƒ½åŠ›çš„å¤šé‡ä¸­ä»‹ä½œç”¨.

Objective: To examine the mediating role of empathy and emotional competence in the association between family functioning and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors among adolescents in China. Methods: In this study, we used the data from the June-July 2022 survey of Chengdu Positive Child Development (CPCD) cohort. All respondents were 5th-9th graders from six primary or secondary schools in Chengdu. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI), the empathy subscale of the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (C-IRI), and the emotional competence (EC) subscale of the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale (CPYD) were used to evaluate the respondents' internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, family functioning, empathy, and emotional competence, respectively. The average score derived from the total score of a scale divided by the number of entries in each dimension was used as the final score of the scale. Independent samples t-tests or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to examine the differences in family functioning, empathy, emotional competence, and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors across student groups with different demographic characteristics (sex, grade, and region). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between family functioning, empathy, emotional competence, and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. AMOS 24.0 was used to validate the hypothesized model and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the mediating effects of empathy and emotional competence between family functioning and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors among adolescents. Results: A total of 3026 eligible participants were included, including 1548 (51.16%) male students and 1478 (48.84%) female students. Among the respondents, 798 (26.37%) were 5th graders, 738 (24.39%) were 6th graders, 567 (18.74%) were 7th graders, 614 (20.29%) were 8th graders, and 309 (10.21%) were 9th graders. In addition, 2064 (68.21%) of all respondents were from urban areas and 962 (31.79%) were from rural areas. The results of the difference analysis showed that the differences in adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors were statistically significant between students of different grades (P=0.004), and that the differences in family functioning and empathy scores were also statistically significant between students of different grades (all P<0.001), whereas the differences in adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors were not statistically significant between sexes and regions (P=0.919, 0.959). The results of correlation analysis showed that family functioning scores (the higher the score, the worse the family functioning) were significantly negatively correlated with empathy and emotional competence (r=-0.482, -0.432, P<0.01), and significantly positively correlated with internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors (r=0.220, P<0.01). Empathy was significantly positively correlated with emotional competence (r=0.402, P<0.01). Empathy and emotional competence were significantly negatively correlated with all the dimensions of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors (r=-0.115, -0.305, P<0.01). Emotional competence partially mediated the relationship between family functioning and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, with a mediation effect value being 0.042 (95% [confidence interval] CI: 0.031-0.057). Empathy and emotional competence had chain mediation effect between family functioning and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, with the value of the mediation effect being 0.010 (95% CI: 0.007-0.014). Conclusion: Family functioning influences adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in a direct way and through the chain-mediating roles of empathy and emotional competence.

Novel Ag-Bridged Z-Scheme CdS/Ag/Bi2WO6 Heterojunction: Excellent Photocatalytic Performance and Insight into the Underlying Mechanism.

The construction of semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts that improve the separation and transfer of photoinduced charge carriers is an effective and widely employed strategy to boost photocatalytic performance. Herein, we have successfully constructed a CdS/Ag/Bi2WO6 Z-scheme heterojunction with an Ag-bridge as an effective charge transfer channel by a facile process. The heterostructure consists of both CdS and Ag nanoparticles anchored on the surface of Bi2WO6 nanosheets. The photocatalytic efficiency of the CdS/Ag/Bi2WO6 system was studied by the decontamination of tetracycline (TC) and Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420). The results exhibited that CdS/Ag/Bi2WO6 shows markedly higher photocatalytic performance than that of CdS, Bi2WO6, Ag/Bi2WO6, and CdS/Bi2WO6. The trapping experiment results verified that the •O2- and h+ radicals are the key active species. The results of photoluminescence spectral analysis and photocurrent responses indicated that the CdS/Ag/Bi2WO6 heterojunctions exhibit exceptional efficiency in separating and transferring photoinduced electron-hole pairs. Based on a series of characterization results, the boosted photocatalytic activity of the CdS/Ag/Bi2WO6 system is mostly due to the successful formation of the Ag-bridged Z-scheme heterojunction; these can not only inhibit the recombination rate of photoinduced charge carriers but also possess a splendid redox capacity. The work provides a way for designing a Z-scheme photocatalytic system based on Ag-bridged for boosting photocatalytic performance.

Association between positive youth development and non-suicidal self-injury: A longitudinal survey of children and adolescents in southwest China, 2019-21.

BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) could lead to serious problems (exp. suicidal attempts) among children and adolescents. Positive youth development (PYD) focuses on comprehensive development instead of a single problem. This study aims to explore the longitudinal relationship between NSSI and PYD among Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS: The longitudinal study used the three-wave dataset from the Chengdu Positive Child Development (CPCD) in southwest China between 2019 and 2021, including 10,370 participants. The parallel process Latent Growth Curve Model (LGCM) was utilized to analyze the relationship between PYD and NSSI across time. RESULTS: The study results demonstrated that the initial level of NSSI is negatively associated with the initial value (ß = -0.730, p < 0.01) and the growth rate (ß = -0.012, p < 0.01) of PYD, and the development rate of the two variables are negatively related to each other(ß = -0.120, p < 0.01). LIMITATIONS: The specific relationships between PYD attributes and NSSI should be explored in the future. And the cultural variation among countries deserves more research. Moreover, the dynamic cohort research leads to a relatively high loss of participants. CONCLUSIONS: PYD and NSSI are closely associated among children and adolescents. Instead of playing a protective role, PYD tends to be predicted by NSSI behaviors over time.

Conservation of aged paper using reduced cellulose nanofibrils/aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified CaCO3 particles coating.

Deacidification and strengthening play pivotal roles in the enduring conservation of aged paper. In this study, we innovatively propose the use of reduced cellulose nanofibrils (rCNFs) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified CaCO3 (APTES-CaCO3) for preserving aged paper. The sodium borohydride-mediated reduction of cellulose nanofibrils diminished the carboxylate content and O/C mass ratio in rCNFs, which in turn amplified the swelling of rCNFs and their crosslinking potential with paper fibers. By introducing amino groups to the CaCO3 surface, the dispersion property of APTES-CaCO3 in organic solvent was enhanced, as well as the deacidification ability and the retention on the paper. The distinct structures and attributes of rCNFs and APTES-CaCO3 were characterized by various techniques. Following the conservation application to aged paper using this system, a desired internal pH value of 8.31 and an alkaline reserve of 0.8056 mol/kg were achieved, alongside a 33.6 % elevation in the tensile index. The aging resistance of the treated paper was evaluated by dry heat and hygrothermal aging tests. The findings revealed that the treatment bestowed the treated paper with outstanding anti-aging properties, notably in terms of internal pH, alkaline reserve and mechanical robustness. Additionally, the paper's brightness was amplified, while its color alteration remained negligible.

Neuron Navigator 1 (Nav1) regulates the response to cocaine in mice.

Genetic variation accounts for much of the risk for developing a substance use disorder, but the underlying genetic factors and their genetic effector mechanisms are mostly unknown. Inbred mouse strains exhibit substantial and heritable differences in the extent of voluntary cocaine self-administration. Computational genetic analysis of cocaine self-administration data obtained from twenty-one inbred strains identified Nav1, a member of the neuron navigator family that regulates dendrite formation and axonal guidance, as a candidate gene. To test this genetic hypothesis, we generated and characterized Nav1 knockout mice. Consistent with the genetic prediction, Nav1 knockout mice exhibited increased voluntary cocaine intake and had increased motivation for cocaine consumption. Immunohistochemistry, electrophysiology, and transcriptomic studies were performed as a starting point for investigating the mechanism for the Nav1 knockout effect. Nav1 knockout mice had a reduced inhibitory synapse density in their cortex, increased excitatory synaptic transmission in their cortex and hippocampus, and increased excitatory neurons in a deep cortical layer. Collectively, our results indicate that Nav1 regulates the response to cocaine, and we identified Nav1 knockout induced changes in the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic balance in the cortex and hippocampus that could contribute to this effect.

The relationship between family diet consumption, family environment, parent anxiety and nutrition status children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the trends of childhood overweight, obesity, and malnutrition, as well as increased psychological stress and family conflicts among family members. It is important to explore the relationship between changes in the family environment during the COVID-19 on child nutrition. Objective: This study aims to analyze the nutritional status of Chinese children during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with family diet, family environment, and parental anxiety, in order to provide evidence for further interventions in children's nutritional status. Method: This study included 7,645 primary and secondary school students and their parents from five schools in Chengdu, China. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the categorical variables of children's malnutrition, overweight, obesity, and parental anxiety. T-tests were used to assess changes in the continuous variable of family environment between two rounds of follow-up surveys. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the impact of changes in family diet during the COVID-19 pandemic on children's nutritional status. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the effects of family environment and parental anxiety on childhood obesity. Result: The prevalence of malnutrition and obesity decreased from 11.64% and 11.60% in wave 1 to 4.96% and 10.50% in wave 2, and the rate of overweight increased from 13.11% in wave 1 to 13.73% in wave 2. Children whose families reduced consumption of staple foods during the COVID-19 were more likely to be frail, and families increased consumption of sugary drinks, take-out or meal delivery services, living in towns, family environmental barriers, and parental anxiety were risk factors for overweight obesity. Mother's education level in middle and high school and low age were protective factors for overweight obesity. Conclusion: The physical environment of the family, the emotions of family members, and children's perceptions of the family's soft environment can influence children's eating behaviors, children's nutritional intake, and malnutrition and obesity in children under public health emergencies, and family-based dietary interventions may be effective. Parents can increase consumption of healthy foods and improve the family environment, which improve their growth.

Acrylamide induces neurotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) via NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.

Acrylamide (ACR) is widely used in water treatment, cosmetics, dyes, paper manufacturing, and other industries. Evidence suggests that ACR exposure causes selective neurotoxicity in humans. The primary symptoms include extremity numbness, skeletal muscle weakness, and ataxia, skeletal muscle weakness. An experimental zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model was used in this study to assess the impact of ACR toxicity on the development of the zebrafish nervous system. The results showed that neurodevelopmental disorders, inflammatory reactions, and oxidative stress were common in zebrafish exposed to ACR. Furthermore, ACR exposure induces pyroptotic phenotypical nerve cells, pyroptosis-related protein activation, and inflammasome NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) expression. Caspy and Caspy2 expression was knocked down via CRISPR/Cas9 to further investigate the pyroptotic mechanism, showing that these two targets alleviated the inflammatory reaction and neurodevelopmental disorder caused by ACR. Moreover, the Caspy-mediated classic pathway may be vital for the pyroptosis caused by ACR. In conclusion, this study is the first to show that ACR can activate NLRP3 inflammation to cause neurotoxicity in zebrafish via the Caspy pathways, which differs from the traditional exogenous infection model.

Genome-Wide RADseq Reveals Genetic Differentiation of Wild and Cultured Populations of Large Yellow Croaker.

Larimichthys crocea (also known as the large yellow croaker) is one of the most economically important marine fishes in China, and research on the ecology and genetics of this species is of immense significance. In this study, we performed restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) of 54 individuals collected from four sites in China to analyze the genetic structure and diversity of large yellow croaker at the genome level. It revealed that the large yellow croaker populations in the Ningde and Zhoushan coastal waters can be clearly distinguished. Different genetic diversity indices were used to analyze the genetic diversity of the large yellow croaker, which showed that there was a differentiation trend between the wild and farmed populations in Ningde. Moreover, we identified genetically differentiated genomic regions between the populations. GO gene enrichment analysis identified genes that are related to fatty acid metabolism and growth. These findings enhance our understanding of genetic differentiation and adaptation to different living environments, providing a theoretical basis for the preservation and restoration of the genetic resources of the large yellow croaker.

Effect of protective lung ventilation on pulmonary complications after laparoscopic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Compared with traditional open surgery, laparoscopic surgery is widely used in surgery, with the advantages of being minimally invasive, having good cosmetic effects, and having short hospital stays, but in laparoscopic surgery, pneumoperitoneum and the Trendelenburg position can cause complications, such as atelectasis. Recently, several studies have shown that protective lung ventilation strategies are protective for abdominal surgery, reducing the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Ventilator-associated lung injury can be reduced by protective lung ventilation, which includes microtidal volume (4-8 mL/kg) ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Therefore, we used randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the results on this topic, and RCTs were used for meta-analysis to further evaluate the effect of protective lung ventilation on pulmonary complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Methods: In this meta-analysis, we searched the relevant literature contained in six major databases-CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Medical, Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science-from their inception to October 15, 2022. After screening the eligible literature, a randomized, controlled method was used to compare the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications when a protective lung ventilation strategy and conventional lung ventilation strategy were applied to laparoscopic surgery. After statistical analysis, the results were verified to be statistically significant. Results: Twenty-three trials were included. Patients receiving protective lung ventilation were 1.17 times less likely to develop pulmonary complications after surgery than those receiving conventional lung ventilation (hazard ratio [RR] 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.22; I2 = 0%). When tested for bias (P = 0.36), the result was statistically significant. Patients with protective lung ventilation were less likely to develop pulmonary complications after laparoscopic surgery. Conclusion: Compared with conventional mechanical ventilation, protective lung ventilation reduces the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. For patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, we suggest the use of protective lung ventilation, which is effective in reducing the incidence of lung injury and pulmonary infection. Implementation of a low tidal volume plus moderate positive end-expiratory pressure strategy reduces the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Activation-Assisted High-Concentration Phosphorus-Doping to Enhance the Electrochemical Performance of Cobalt Carbonate Hydroxide Hydrate.

P-doping into metal oxides has been demonstrated as a valid avenue to ameliorate electrochemical performance because it can tune the electronic structures and increase the active sites for an electrochemical reaction. However, it usually results in a low P-doping concentration via the commonly used gas phosphorization method. In this work, an activation-assisted P-doping strategy was explored to significantly raise the P-doping concentration in cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate (CCHH). The activation treatment increased active sites for electrochemical reaction and endowed the sample with a high P content in the subsequent gas phosphorization process, thereby greatly enhancing the conductivity of the sample. Therefore, the final CCHH-A-P electrode exhibited a high capacitance of 6.62 F cm-2 at 5 mA cm-2 and good cyclic stability. In addition, the CCHH-A-P//CC ASC with CCHH-A-P as the positive electrode and carbon cloth as the negative electrode provided a high energy density of 0.25 mWh cm-2 at 4 mW cm-2 as well as excellent cycling performance with capacitance retention of 91.2% after 20,000 cycles. Our work shows an effective strategy to acquire Co-based materials with high-concentration P-doping that holds great potential in boosting the electrochemical performance of electrode materials via P-doping technology.

Oxycodone vs. tramadol in postoperative parent-controlled intravenous analgesia in children: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, multiple-center clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Management of acute postoperative pain is one of the major challenges in pediatric patients. Oral oxycodone has shown good pain relief in postoperative pain relief in children, but no studies have investigated intravenous oxycodone in this context. OBJECTIVE: whether oxycodone PCIA can provide adequate and safe postoperative pain relief, in comparison to tramadol as reference opioid drug. DESIGN: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, multi-center clinical trial. SETTING: five university medical centers and three teaching hospitals in China. PARTICIPANTS: patients aged 3-month-old to 6-year-old undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. INTERVENTION: patients were randomly allocated to either tramadol (n = 109) or oxycodone (n = 89) as main postoperative opioid analgesic. Tramadol or oxycodone were administered with a loading dose at the end of surgery (1 or 0.1 mg.kg-1, respectively), then with a parent-controlled intravenous device with fixed bolus doses only (0.5 or 0.05 mg.kg-1, respectively), and a 10-min lockout time. OUTCOMES: the primary outcome was adequate postoperative pain relief, defined as a face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) score < 4/10 in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), with no need for an alternative rescue analgesia. FLACC was measured 10 min after extubation then every 10 min until discharge from PACU. Analgesia was currently conducted with the boluses of either tramadol or oxycodone if FLACC was ≥ 3, up to three bolus doses, after what rescue alternative analgesia was administered. RESULTS: tramadol and oxycodone provided a similar level of adequate postoperative pain relief in PACU and in the wards. No significant differences were either noted for the raw FLACC scores, the bolus dose demand in PACU, the time between the first bolus dose and discharge from PACU, analgesic drug consumption, bolus times required in the wards, function activity score, or the parents' satisfaction. The main observed side effects in both groups were nausea and vomiting, with no difference between groups. However, patients in the oxycodone group showed less sedation levels and had a shorter stay in the PACU, compared with the tramadol group. CONCLUSIONS: an adequate postoperative analgesia can be achieved with intravenous oxycodone, this with less side effects than tramadol. It can therefore be a choice for postoperative pain relief in pediatric patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (Registration number: ChiCTR1800016372; date of first registration: 28/05/2018; updated date:06/01/2023).

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing and proteomics analysis in pediatric viral encephalitis and meningitis.

Introduction: Early and accurate identification of pathogens is essential for improved outcomes in patients with viral encephalitis (VE) and/or viral meningitis (VM). Methods: In our research, Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) which can identify viral pathogens unbiasedly was performed on RNA and DNA to identify potential pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 50 pediatric patients with suspected VEs and/or VMs. Then we performed proteomics analysis on the 14 HEV-positive CSF samples and another 12 CSF samples from health controls (HCs). A supervised partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA) model was performed using proteomics data. Results: Ten viruses in 48% patients were identified and the most common pathogen was human enterovirus (HEV) Echo18. 11 proteins overlapping between the top 20 DEPs in terms of P value and FC and the top 20 proteins in PLS-DA VIP lists were acquired. Discussion: Our result showed mNGS has certain advantages on pathogens identification in VE and VM and our research established a foundation to identify diagnosis biomarker candidates of HEV-positive meningitis based on MS-based proteomics analysis, which could also contribute toward investigating the HEV-specific host response patterns.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Mytilisepta virgata (Mollusca: Bivalvia), Novel Gene Rearrangements, and the Phylogenetic Relationships of Mytilidae.

The circular mitochondrial genome of Mytilisepta virgata spans 14,713 bp, which contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. Analysis of the 13 PCGs reveals that the mitochondrial gene arrangement of Mytilisepta is relatively conserved at the genus level. The location of the atp8 gene in Mytilisepta keenae differs from that of other species. However, compared with the putative molluscan ancestral gene order, M. virgata exhibits a high level of rearrangement. We constructed phylogenetic trees based on concatenated 12 PCGs from Mytilidae. As a result, we found that M. virgata is in the same clade as other Mytilisepta spp. The result of estimated divergence times revealed that M. virgata and M. keenae diverged around the early Paleogene period, although the oldest Mytilisepta fossil was from the late or upper Eocene period. Our results provide robust statistical evidence for a sister-group relationship within Mytilida. The findings not only confirm previous results, but also provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of Mytilidae.